Abstract

Mutraghata (urinary retention) and Mutrashmari (urolithiasis) are significant conditions of the urinary system extensively discussed in Ayurvedic literature. Mutraghat is characterized by difficulty in urination caused by obstruction or dysfunction in the urinary tract, predominantly linked to aggravated Vata dosha. Mutrashmari refers to stone formation due to imbalances in Kapha, Pitta, and Vata doshas, paralleling modern urolithiasis, which involves crystal formation from supersaturation of urinary solutes. Globally, urolithiasis affects 10% of men and 5% of women, with an increased prevalence in regions with hot climates due to dehydration and dietary habits. India reports over a million cases annually, emphasizing the relevance of both preventive and therapeutic approaches. Pathophysiologically, Mutraghat involves the obstruction of urine flow due to structural, inflammatory, or dosha-related factors, while Mutrashmari results from Kapha consolidating with Pitta and Vata doshas to form calculi. Modern medicine offers advanced surgical and non-invasive techniques such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy for stone removal, along with lifestyle modifications to prevent recurrence. Ayurvedic management emphasizes the use of mutravirechaniya (diuretics) and ashmarighna (lithotriptic) herbs such as Gokshura, Varuna, and Pashanabheda. Panchakarma therapies, including Basti and Uttar Basti, are integral for dosha pacification and functional restoration. It concludes by highlighting the need for integrating Ayurvedic and modern medical practices to address these disorders comprehensively, particularly in recurrent or chronic cases.

Key words: Mutraghata, Mutrashmari, Pathophysiologically, Mutraghat, mutravirechaniya, ashmarighna (lithotriptic), Gokshura, Pashanabheda.