Nutritional deficiency anaemia, particularly Iron‑deficiency anaemia, remains a major public health concern in developing countries such as India. It commonly affects vulnerable groups including children, adolescents, and pregnant women, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pallor, and reduced physical and cognitive performance. In Ayurveda, the clinical features of nutritional anaemia closely resemble Pandu Roga, a disorder described in classical texts characterized by pallor of the skin, diminished strength, and impairment of bodily tissues. According to Ayurvedic principles, Pandu Roga mainly results from impaired digestive fire (Agni), improper dietary habits, and vitiation of Doshas, particularly Pitta, which ultimately affects the formation and quality of blood (Rakta Dhatu). Management in Ayurveda emphasizes a holistic approach that includes Nidana Parivarjana (avoidance of causative factors), correction of Agni through digestive and metabolic stimulants, and the use of herbal formulations with haematinic and Rasayana (rejuvenating) properties. Dietary modifications and lifestyle regulation are also considered essential components of therapy to restore physiological balance and improve blood quality. This review aims to integrate classical Ayurvedic concepts with contemporary scientific understanding, highlighting the pathogenesis, clinical features, and evidence-based Ayurvedic interventions for the effective management of nutritional deficiency anaemia.