Background: The Ayurvedic concept of Atyayika Chikitsa (emergency management) is fundamentally based on the preservation of vital anatomical structures described under Marma Sharira. Among 107 Marmas, three—Sira (head), Hṛdaya (heart), and Basti (urinary bladder)—are designated as Trimarma and classified as Sadyapraṇahara Marma, whose injury results in immediate fatality.

Objective: To analyze Atyayika Chikitsa from a Rachana Sharira (anatomical) perspective and correlate Trimarma with modern emergency anatomy.

Materials and Methods: Classical references from Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya were critically analyzed along with commentaries of Chakrapāṇidatta, Dalhaṇa, and Arunadatta. Modern anatomical interpretation was established using Gray's Anatomy and contemporary trauma science literature.

Results: Trimarma corresponds anatomically to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and pelvic neurovascular-visceral complex. Injury to these regions produces catastrophic physiological collapse analogous to modern emergency priorities.

Conclusion: Atyayika Chikitsa represents an anatomically structured emergency doctrine in Ayurveda. Trimarma preservation parallels modern trauma life-support principles.