Introduction

Aim of Ayurveda is Swasthasya  Swastha  Rakshanam  Aturasya Vikara Prashamana (maintain the health of healthy individual and curing the disease of diseased one, according to Ayurveda age is classified into Bala , Madhyama and Jirna avastha. Whereas Bala is further divided into Ksheerada Ksheerannada and Annada .¹ Child health is given more importance and a separate branch is dedicated for the prevention and management of childhood diseases (Kaumarbhrutya). Kashyapa Samhita dealt with the diagnosis and treatment of various Bal-Roga like Fakka Roga, etc .2 School health is the process that informs, motivates and helps people to adapt and maintain healthy lifestyle. The main health problems of the school going child are malnutrition, infectious diseases, intestinal parasites, disease of skin, eye and ear, dental caries. Incidence of skin diseases is about 24.62 ,3  5.4 million childrens suffer from dental caries,4 Prevalence of allergic conjuctivits among children of age group 5-15 years was found to be 12.22% and prevalence of intestinl worm infection was found to be 49.38% .3 In India 35.7% children were underweight, 38.4% were stunted and 21% were wasted .5 For the prevention of this disease Swasthavritta explains Dinacharya, Rutucharya, Matravat Ahara, Kala Bhojana, Sadvritta,etc. and N-number of the preparation for the management of this diseases. Swasthavritta plays important role in the prevention of this disease.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Systematic review and critical analysis of Ayurvedic literature and related article published on national and international journal. The e-Samhithas and articles published regarding school health were the primary source for this research.

DISCUSSION:

The review reviled malnutrition, infectious diseases, intestinal parasites, disease of skin, eye and ear, dental caries are the main problem of school going children here is the attempt to find the solution by Ayurveda for barriers that enhance the health of school going children.

To Increase the Immunity

• Swarnaprashana : An emerging ayurvedic vaccination for children in ever demanding competitive age of today. It contains Swarna (gold) , Ghrita (ghee) , Madhu (honey) and other Medhya Dravyas.6 It act at the level of nutrition, growth, development and immunity. On every month on Pushya Nakshatra Swarnaprashan camp can be conducted in school to improve the health of school children.

• Rasayana7 : a) Ajastrika Rasayana like Nitya ksheera- Ghrita abhyasa, Navanita , etc. it provides proper nutrition which helps in the development of child and improves the immunity of children there by prevent many diseases. B) Naimittika Rasyana - Rasayana according to disease condition, Medya Rasayana like Mandukaparni, Yasthimadu, Guduchi, etc. improves the memory and intellect, there by improves the academic performance, improves the mental health as mental health effect the physical health. Acharya Sharangadara specially mentioned Vacha, Swarna etc. for the age group of school going children.  

Disease of Skin, Eye and Ear

 In Swasthavritta many procedures are mentioned for the prevention and maintenance of health of these organs.

For skin health - Daily Sarvanga Abhyanga (oil massage) - Tila Taila in Shitarutu (cold climate), Narikela(coconut) Taila in Ushnarutu(hot season) is mentioned it prevents skin disorders and many Lepas are mentioned according to rutu kumkuma lepa in shitarutu, chana, ushira lepa in ushnarutu and daily Snana should advised.8

For eye health - Daily Sarvanaga Abhyanga (oil massage) it is Dushtiprasadaka 10 (good for eye), Padabhyanga11 (massage to foot) good for eye health, Aschotana, Anjana (Sauviranjana)12 - Hita for eyes. Eyes becomes clear and lustre and prevents refractive errors, Tarpana with Ghrita gives nourishment to eyes .13

For ear health - Karna Purana 14 prevent the ear disorders, gives nourishment to ear, increases the auditory sensation.

Dental Health

Children frequently suffer from dental disease two common dental disease are dental carries, periodontal diseases. Procedure for the prevention of this diseases are Danta Dhavana with Arka, Nyagrodha, Khadira, Nimba, etc or twig of Madhura, Tikta and Kashaya Dravyas prevents the diseases of tooth. 15 Kavala and Gandusha with Tila Taila will enhances the strength of teeth root and prevent diseases of teeth.16

Healthy School Environment

Periodic Dhupana (fumigation) with Dupana Dravyas (fumigation) like Nimbha (Azardirachta indica), Agaru (Aquallaria agullacha), kushta (Sassuria lappa) etc.17  Which act as best disinfectant of school and helps in maintaining healthy environment. A small herbal garden in school including of plants of Nimba, Agaru, Kushta are grown so these plants used for Dhupana

Nutrition Services

Educating child regarding importance of Kala Bhojana, Matravat Bhojana. Incorporating Nitya Sevaniya Dravyas , Rutu Anusar Ahara in Mid-Day Meal programme which is considered as balanced diet in Ayurveda. Nitya Sevaniya Dravyas :-Shali, Mudga, Saindava, Amalaki , Yava, Milk, Ghrita, Jangalamamsa, Madu, Goduma, Haritaki, Mrudvika, Patola, Sharkara, Dadima.18

Current Days Food habits and Probable Disease Condition
Eating Too Much: Overeating, particularly eating unhealthy foods raises a risk of being overweight or obese. Overweight or obese children are more prone to develop type 2 diabetes, sleep apnoea, and hip joint problems. Long-term risks include heart problems and some cancers. Education regarding proper food and Laghu Vyayama and Chankramana is to advised as it improves the Agni and reduces the Meda.

Not Eating Enough: Children who adopt fad and crash diets do not get enough nutrients for appropriate growth and development. Severe under dieting can cause health problems as well as fatigue, poor concentration, a loss of bone density and muscle mass. Under nutrition leads to growth retardation and susceptibility to repeated infection. In Ayurveda it is considered as Kuposhanajanya which includes Krishata, Phakkaroga, Balashosha.

Supportive Management of Malnutrition

Brumhan ahar like vidari, Yava, Godhuma , Pippali , etc mentioned .8 Mother should take balanced diet during pregnancy.  

Restricted Eating: Unless a child has a medically diagnosed food allergy or intolerance, they should not restrict foods such as dairy or gluten products. Nutritional deficits and other health difficulties may occur if a youngster follows a limited diet without sufficient planning and/or expert monitoring. A child who does not intake dairy for an extended period of time, may not be getting enough calcium, vitamin D, energy, and protein to maintain ideal bone mass. A poorly constructed long-term vegetarian diet can prevent a child from getting enough nutrients, particularly iron and vitamin B12. Girls who have started their periods are especially vulnerable.

Ahara for 2 Years-10 Years Duration: A child from the age of 2 years is considered in Annada Awastha .19 In this age child should be shifted on the cereals. All types of food with all forms i.e., Lehya, Peya, Bhojya etc. can be given during this age of life. Child should be fed well-cooked food made at home. Vegetables of all kinds, milk, nuts and seeds, whole grains, lentils, beans, and berries, among other foods, should be consumed.
Ahara for Above 10 Years: There must be a minimum of three meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) per day, separated by at least two and a half hours. Whole wheat bread and starches, fruits, vegetables, ghee, lentils, eggs, fish, meat, milk, and dry fruits should all be included in a daily serving.

Table 1: showing Pathya and Apathya for Dosha Balance in Children.

According to Rutu 9

Shita Rutu :     

Ahara Dravyas predominant of Snigdha, Guru, Ushna , Madhura, Amla,Lavana Rasa, Shashtikshall , Nava Shali, Masha, Ikshu Rasa, Jaggery   Khandekshu, Dugdha, Ushna Jala.

 Ushna Rutu: Ahara Dravyas predominant of Laghu, Snigdha, Sita and Drava Guna and  Madhura Rasa like Shali Dhanya, Godhuma, Panak made of sugar, Rasala, Ghrita, Dugdha, etc.

Varsha Rutu: Ahara Dravyas predominant of Ruksha, Laghu, Tikshna, Ushana and Kshara,  Katu and Kashaya rasa like Puran Yava, Puran Godhum,Shastik shali, Mudga, Kulattha, Tikta Shaka like Patola, Karvellaka, Madhu, etc.

Discussion

Aharavidhi Visheshayatana22           

Educating food handlers regarding proper cooking method, incorporation of Asthavidha Ahara Visheshayatana while processing food, some food combination may act as Virudda so proper Knowledge regarding Virudda Ahara while preparation of food as heating curd, honey, fish + milk act as Virudda. Virruda Ahara leads to anemia, skin diseases, diseases of intestine as children more prone to these diseases.

Maintenance of Personal Hygiene:

Children should be educated regarding the importance of Dinacharya and encourage them to follow all the Dinacharya upkramas avoid Vegadhara as it is a root cause for many diseases.

Conclusion

Incorporating principals of Ayurveda in school health reduces the prevalence of health risk behaviour's and promote healthy behaviours among the children which will have positive effect on health and also helps in building vibrant future for nation with healthy and skilled citizens.