Introduction

Depression, characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest, is the fourth-leading cause of disability worldwide, with 15–24-year-olds disproportionately affected.[1] In India, rapid urbanization, academic competition, and social media proliferation have intensified psychological stressors, contributing to a 35% increase in youth depression since 2015.[2]. Despite growing awareness, stigma and inadequate mental health infrastructure limit treatment access. Ayurveda, India’s ancient holistic system, offers preventive and therapeutic strategies through Ahara (diet), Vihara (lifestyle), and Manasika Chikitsa (mental health interventions). This article evaluates the epidemiology of youth depression in India and synthesizes evidence on Ayurveda’s role in mitigating this crisis.

Objectives

1. To examine the prevalence, risk factors, and socio-cultural determinants contributing to the rising incidence of depression among adolescents and young adults (15–24 years) in India. 
2. To evaluate the role of Ayurvedic principles, including Tridosha balance, Medhya Rasayana therapies, and Satvavajaya (mind control), in preventing and managing depressive disorders in the youth population. 
3. To propose integrative strategies combining Ayurvedic practices with conventional mental health interventions for culturally resonant, holistic care in addressing India’s youth depression crisis. 

Methods:

Search Strategy: 

A systematic review was conducted using keywords: “youth depression,” “India,” “Ayurveda,” and “mental health management.” Databases included PubMed, Scopus, and the AYUSH Research Portal. Inclusion criteria: peer-reviewed articles (2010–2023), epidemiological studies, and clinical trials on Ayurvedic interventions. Exclusion criteria: non-English studies, opinion pieces.

Data Extraction: 

Of 85 identified studies, 18 met inclusion criteria. Data on prevalence, risk factors, and Ayurvedic therapies were tabulated and analyzed thematically.

 Results 

 1. Magnitude of Youth Depression 

Global: WHO (2023) estimates 10–15% of adolescents experience depressive disorders.

India: The National Mental Health Survey [2] reports 7.3% prevalence among 13–17-year-olds, rising to 22% in college students Suicide,[3] driven by depression, is the leading cause of death in Indian youth.[4].

 2. Risk Factors in India 

Academic Stress: 68% of students report exam-related.[5] Unemployment: Youth unemployment (23%) correlates with hopelessness.[6] Digital Addiction: 45% of urban youth exhibit social media-induced depressive symptoms.[7]

3. Current Management Gaps 

Only 1 in 10 affected youth access mental health services due to stigma and therapist shortages (1:100,000 ratio) [8]

4. Ayurvedic Perspectives 

Etiology: Depression (Vishada) arises from Vata imbalance (disrupted nervous system) and Rajas-Tamas dominance (emotional instability).[9]

Prevention: 

Ahara: Sattvic diet (fresh fruits, milk, nuts) pacifies Vata.

Dinacharya: Meditation (Dhyana) and yoga stabilize mood.

Management: 

In Ayurveda, depression is closely linked to the concept of Vishad, a state of mental distress resulting from imbalances in the Tridoshas, particularly Vata and Tamas. Ayurveda emphasizes a holistic approach to managing depression, combining herbal remedies, dietary modifications, lifestyle changes, and mind-body therapies. Medhya Rasayanas such as Brahmi, Ashwagandha, and Shankhpushpi are known to enhance cognitive function and reduce stress. Medhya Rasayana: Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) enhance cognitive resilience.[10]  Panchakarma:  Shirodhara (oil pouring) reduces cortisol by 30% [11] Panchakarma therapies like Shirodhara, Abhyanga, and Nasya help balance the nervous system, promoting mental clarity and emotional stability. Additionally, practicing yoga, meditation, and mindfulness techniques further supports mental well-being, aligning the mind and body towards a state of harmony and inner peace.[13,15]

Discussion

1. Escalating Crisis in India 

India’s youth face a “perfect storm” of academic pressure, unemployment, and digital overload, with depression rates surpassing global averages. Cultural stigma and lack of affordable care exacerbate untreated cases, increasing suicide risks.[16]

2. Ayurveda’s Holistic Framework 

Dosha Balance:  Vata -pacifying herbs (e.g., Jatamansi) and warm oils restore neuroendocrine harmony.

Mind-Body Integration:  Pranayama (breathwork) lowers stress biomarkers .[17]

Community Role: Family-based Sattvavajaya therapy fosters emotional resilience [18]

3. Integrative Solutions 

Blending Ayurvedic lifestyle counseling with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) could enhance accessibility.[19]

4. Policy Recommendations 

Need to train primary care providers in Ayurvedic mental health protocols. National campaigns to destigmatize depression using Ayurveda’s wellness-oriented lexicon.[20]

Conclusion

Depression among India’s youth demands urgent, culturally adaptive interventions. Ayurveda’s emphasis on Swasthavritta (preventive health) and Psychotherapy i.e. Satwavajay Chikitsa (holistic healing) provides a sustainable blueprint for mitigating this crisis. Collaborative research and policy reforms are vital to integrate Ayurveda into mainstream mental health frameworks.