Introduction

All diseases occur due to dis-equilibrium of dosha. If the dosha are in equilibrium state, health is maintained and disease cannot occur. Kamala is Raktapradoshaja vyadhi causes due to vitiated Pitta Dhosha results into yellowish discoloration of skin, eye, mucous membrane. Patoladi gana is indicated in diseases like Kushtha, Jwara, Visharog, Arochaka, Kamala. [1] It has properties like Ruksha, Shita, Sara, Laghu and hence helps to decrease kapha dosha, balance the heat caused by aggravated Pitta dosha and detoxify Rakta dhatu by their Raktaprasadana property. [2]

Kamala Nirukti:

“Kaman lati iti kamala” [3]

Here “Kaman” means ichha or desire and “Lati” means to diminish. The condition in which desire of eating or doing any work get diminished. The classification of Kamala is based on origin and pathology. There are mainly 2 types of Kamala- Koshtashakhashrita kamala also known as Bahupitta kalama (Hemolytic jaundice) and Shakhashrita kamala called Ruddhapatha kamala (Obstructive jaundice). According to 2 different types, Samprapti of both kamala also different.

Samprapti (Pathogenesis)

Samprapti is the process of development of disease. Kosthasakhasrita Kamala is a next stage of Pandu rogi who continue to take Pittakara ahar vihar. According to Vagbhata, without Pandu roga also, Kamala may occur by consumption of Pittakara ahar-vihar.

1.Koshthashakhashrit kamala: [4]

Pittakara Ahar-vihar sevana

Increased Ushna-Tikshna guna causes Vitiation of Pitta dosha

Pachak Pitta dushti

Rakta and Mamsa dhatu Vidaha

More Pitta udiran in Yakrut

Vimargagaman of vitiated Pitta all over body

Yellowish discoloration of skin, eyes, mucous membrane and urine, stool

Koshthashakhashrita/Bahupitta kamala

Dushita pitta mixes up with sthanik pitta leading to yellowish discoloration of Netra(eyes) twacha (skin), nakha(nails). Peeta varnata (yellowish discoloration) of mutra(urine)and varchas(stools) is due to increase in malaroopata of pitta in Koshtha. Different series of symptoms such as indigestion, burning sensation of the body, anorexia, senses get impared.

In Ashtang Hridaya Sutrasthan, 15th chapter Shodhanadi gana-sangraha, there is 33 groups of drugs have been enumerated for the management of various disease conditions and nomenclatue of group is given by the drug mentioned at first. One of very important group of drugs is Patoladi gana having six drugs namely Patola, Katurohini, Chandana (Sandalwood), Madhusrava, Guduchi (Tinospora) and Patha have been used in management of both types of Kamala to reduce vitiated Pitta.

AIM: Literary study of action of Drugs in Patoladi gana (Ashtang Hridayokta) in management of Kamala.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The Literary material related to patoladi gana drugs and Kamala has been collected from Several Ayurvedic texts like Charaka samhita, Sushrut samhita, Ashtang Sangraham, Ashtanga Hridayam etc.

Drugs of Patoladi Gana

Pharmacological properties of Patoladi gana.

RESULTS:

Kamala aims at pittashamaka and raktashodhak chikitsa and Drugs in Patoladi gana are mostly of tikta rasa which is pittashamak and some drugs in patoladi gana are having raktashodhak and raktaprasadan property. Hence useful in management of Kamala.

1. Patola: [8]

Root of Patol with its purgative action remove vitiated doshas from sukshma srotasas. Patol with its Raktashodhak property purify dushta rakta in kamala.

1. Katurohini: [10]

Katurohini with its Tikta rasa and Katu Vipak acts as appetizer, improves digestion and its sheeta Virya reduces vitiated pitta dosh in kamala.

1. Chandan: [9]

Chandan by its Sheeta virya helps to pacify Pitta.

1. Madhushrava: [10]

Ushna virya and Katu Vipak of Madhushrava helps to relieve obstruction in pittavahini due to Kapha in Ruddhapatha kamala and also having property of Raktashodhan.

1. Guduchi: [11]

Guduchi is useful kamala vyadhi with its rasaraktapachak action. It pacifies pitta dosh and relieves obstruction due to kapha and rakta because of its Tikta rasa.

1. Patha: [12]

Patha has the property of balancing Vata and kapha due to its Ushna virya and Katu vipak. Hence effective in Ruddhapatha kamala.

Discussion

Bahupitta Kamala is caused by vitiated Pitta due to excessive intake of Pittakara ahar and vihar. Vitiated pitta burns normal Rakta and Mamsa dhatu. Due to ashrayashrayi bhav of Rakta dhatu and pitta dosh, both get vitiated more. On the other hand, in Ruddhapath kamala or Shakhashrita kamala there is Srotorodha (obstruction) in pittavahini due to kapha. Srotorodh leads to the vimargagaman of dushta pitta all over body except koshtha, hence there is yellowish discoloration of twacha, Netra, mucous membrane not mutra and varchas. Drugs of Patoladi gana are Tikta rasa pradhan and used in mainly in Pitta-kapha disorders, Hence, effective in Koshthashakhashrita kamala. Vayu and Akash Mahabhoota are dominant elements in Tikta rasa having properties like Ruksha, Shita, Sara, Laghu Hence, sukshma srotogami. in nature, so relieves obstruction of pittavahini in Ruddhapatha kamala.

Conclusion

The management of any disease according to Ayurveda can be divided into 3 parts-Nidana Parivarjana, Shodana-Shamana and Pathyapathya. Patoladi gana is described in Ashtang Hridaya for management of kamala by shaman chikitsa. Patoladi gana drugs can be used in the form of kwath, kalka, Sneha, nasya, basti after assessing dodha, dushya etc. Hence, it is more beneficial while treating patients of kamala.