Introduction

Pushpadhanwa Rasa is one such Rasaushadhis mentioned in a number of classical texts as a Vajikarana yoga (Aphrodisiac formulation). For getting Dharma (virtue) Artha (wealth), Priti (pleasure), Yasas (Fame) a conscious person should use a preparation which is having fertility status[1]. The literature available from past to modern times clearly signifies that the property of Pushpadhanwa rasa was used for Vrisya (aphrodisiac), Vajikarana (Increased sexual power), Vandhyatwa (sterility in both male & female. Putraisana (desire for progeny) is one of the primary desires of mankind mentioned in Upanishads. Although there are many studies in the litreture on the use different Ayurvedic preparations in Infertility. But a preparation of having herbomineral component was not studied periodically in the case of male sexual dysfunction, poly cystic ovarian syndrome which are the basic cause of Infertility In Male & femele partner respectively. Information of Pushpadhnwa rasa in different Rasashastriya literatures available from 9th century onwards [2] by Acharya Bahata followed by literatures like Rasa Ratna Sammuchaya, Yoga Tarangini, Bruhat Yoga Tarangini, Yogaratnakar, Rasa Tarangini, Bhaishjya Ratnavali etc was practicing these formulations to their patients. The basic knowledge to prepare Vajikrana formulation Pushpadhanwa rasa their ingredients, procedures, dose, anupana, therapeutic indications are vividly described in different literatures. Emphasis is given to herbal drugs in some of the litreatures. More emphasis is given to Metallic drugs in Bruhat Yoga Tarangini, Rasayana samgraha, Rasendra Chintamani, Nirghantu Ratnakar,Yoga ratnaka [3], Bhaishjya Ratnavali.Siddh bhaishjya mannimala [4],  Rasa kamadhenu, Rasa Tarangini,[5], Siddha Yoga samgraha [6], Rasa Kaadhenu [7], Ayurveda formulary of India [8)

References of Pushpadhanva rasa in various texts of Ayurveda

• In Rasatarangini, improper growth of ovaries, fallopian tubes leading to Vandhyatva is mentioned as an indication of Pushpadhanva Rasa [9].
• Rasatantrasara siddhaprayoga sangraha also describes the same indication[10]

• Bhaishajya Ratnavali and Yogaratnakara have indicated Pushpadhanva Rasa for Vajikarana mentioning same ingredients but Rasasindoor is not included in Yogatarangini [11,12,13]

• Rasa Yoga Sagar II - part seconby  Acharya Bahata in between 9-11th century by  Dr. Rambabu Dwivedi in Vajikarana chikitsa.

Description Of Preparation Of Pushpadhanwa Rasa In Different Classics:

Description Of Preparation Of Pushpadhanwa Rasa In Different Classics:

• In Yoga Tarangini and Rasa kamadhenu Naga Bhasma, Abhraka Bhasma-Louha Bhasma included but No Rasasindura and added same ingredients like Dhatura beeja Kvatha- Bhanga Kvatha,Salmali Kvatha,Yastimadhu Kvatha,Naga valli swarasa like Bhaishajyaratnavali and each having 3 bhavnas.

• In Bruhat Yoga Tarangini, Rasayana samgraha, Rasendra Chintamani, Nirghantu Ratnakar,  Bhaishjya Ratnavali , Ayurveda Formulary of India part- II p. 111 included Rasa sindura, Naga basma, Louha bhasma, Vanga bhasma, Abhraka bhasma Dhatura  beeja swarasa, Bhanga patra swarasa, Yastimadhui mula swarasa, Salmali  niryasa swarasa, Nagavallipatra swarasa.
• Yoga ratnakara in the name Laghu pushpadhanwa  Ras, Rasa padhhati, Rasa ratna Sammuchya, Rasa Raja Sindura having Abhraka bhasma 3 part and Vanga bhasma not included. 

Description Of Preparation Of Pushpadhanwa Rasa In Different Classics:

• In Yoga Tarangini and Rasa kamadhenu Naga Bhasma, Abhraka Bhasma-Louha Bhasma included but No Rasasindura and added same ingredients like Dhatura beeja Kvatha- Bhanga Kvatha,Salmali Kvatha,Yastimadhu Kvatha,Naga valli swarasa like Bhaishajyaratnavali and each having 3 bhavnas.

• In Bruhat Yoga Tarangini, Rasayana samgraha, Rasendra Chintamani, Nirghantu Ratnakar,  Bhaishjya Ratnavali , Ayurveda Formulary of India part- II p. 111 included Rasa sindura, Naga basma, Louha bhasma, Vanga bhasma, Abhraka bhasma Dhatura  beeja swarasa, Bhanga patra swarasa, Yastimadhui mula swarasa, Salmali  niryasa swarasa, Nagavallipatra swarasa.
• Yoga ratnakara in the name Laghu pushpadhanwa  Ras, Rasa padhhati, Rasa ratna Sammuchya, Rasa Raja Sindura having Abhraka bhasma 3 part and Vanga bhasma not included.

Description Of Preparation Of Pushpadhanwa Rasa In Different Classics:

• In Yoga Tarangini and Rasa kamadhenu Naga Bhasma, Abhraka Bhasma-Louha Bhasma included but No Rasasindura and added same ingredients like Dhatura beeja Kvatha- Bhanga Kvatha,Salmali Kvatha,Yastimadhu Kvatha,Naga valli swarasa like Bhaishajyaratnavali and each having 3 bhavnas.

• In Bruhat Yoga Tarangini, Rasayana samgraha, Rasendra Chintamani, Nirghantu Ratnakar,  Bhaishjya Ratnavali , Ayurveda Formulary of India part- II p. 111 included Rasa sindura, Naga basma, Louha bhasma, Vanga bhasma, Abhraka bhasma Dhatura  beeja swarasa, Bhanga patra swarasa, Yastimadhui mula swarasa, Salmali  niryasa swarasa, Nagavallipatra swarasa.
• Yoga ratnakara in the name Laghu pushpadhanwa  Ras, Rasa padhhati, Rasa ratna Sammuchya, Rasa Raja Sindura having Abhraka bhasma 3 part and Vanga bhasma not included.

METHOD OF PREPARATION[24] : 

All the Bhasmas are taken in a khalva yantra and made into a uniform mixture. Triturate properly with equal pressure for 3 hrs. One bhavana with each of the bhavana dravya is given serially in a prescribed order and the final drug is rolled into vatis of 250 mg each and are dried and stored in a clean, dry, air-tight container.

Discussion

After Hetu sevana (Vatakapha Vardhana) Agni Mandhya occurs so Ama formation occurs at Koshta and Dhatu level  and Rasa Dhatvagni gets Vikruta or mandhya . According to Charaka, all diseases occur due to imbalance in Agni & results in build-up of Ama. Ama formation results to Srotorodha, which leads to Vata Prakopa. Kostagnimandhya Dhatvagnimandhya leads Kittabhaga Vardhana (Kapha) increases and srotorodha occurs at kaphashaya so improper functioning of Dhathus occurs  especially Rasa, Rakta, Medas and Sukra. As there is improper formation of Rakta Dhatu uitimately causes Raktakshaya and produces Artava dusti. So a combination having Tiktarasa, Ushnaveerya, Deepana, Pachana, Lekhana Swabhava of this drug alleviate Vatakapha Samana and all the ingredients possess Deepana, Pachana Swabhava  helps to correct Agnimandhya and Ama formation thus by relieving Srotorodha. Loha Bhasma helps to remove Agnimandhya by its Deepana property, Raktadhatu Preenana. Loha Bhasma, Naga Bhasma possess Lekhana Swabhava helps to remove the Srotorodha aiding for Vatanulomana. Drug also possess Vrishya property, it can impart direct action on Sukra Dhathu by its Prabhava. By analysing the overall properties of the drug, we can conclude that the drug may be effective in management of Kapha Vata Pradhana Avastha of female infertility. All the Bhasmas in Pushpadhanva Rasa have Tridosha shamaka, Deepana and Pachana properties due to which the basic step of Agnimandya involved in the Samprapti is relieved. Hence, correction of Dhatvagni occurs leading to proper formation of Rasa dhatu. This results in proper formation of Upadhatu, Artava which can be interpreted as hormones, menstrual blood as well as ovum. Vatashamaka property is found in all the Bhasmas. Thus, Vata dushti, the main cause for Artavavaha Srotasa dushti is acted upon by the Vatashamaka property of all the bhasmas. Thus, the Prakrut karmas of Vata, of Vyuhana, Sanghatkara, Vibhajana, Rasa-rakta samvahana, Utsarjana karma are all restored resulting in proper Beejotpatti and Beejotsarga. Naga bhasma and Abhraka bhasmas with their Madhura, Snigdha properties bring about Dhatu poshana and Bala vardhana. Naga, Abhraka have unique property of acting directly on Prajanana sansthana Most of the Bhavana dravyas have Tikta, Katu rasa which will help in Kapha Shamana. Also due to their Ushna veerya, Vata shamana and Pitta niyamana properties in this yoga helps in Prakrut pitta karma of Pachana and Parinamana as well as Vata karma of Utsarjana.

Conclusion

Most of the ingredients of Pushpadhanva Rasa have Tridosha nashaka properties which act in Samprapti Vighatana. Drugs having the property of Vataniyamana, Pitta-kapha shamana help in correction of a major factor in Beejotpatti and Beejotsarga. Also, Abhraka bhasma works on Mansika dushti and Naga bhasma, Abhraka Bhasma act directly on Prajanana sansthana helps the drug in reversing back the Samprapti. It can thus be rightly concluded that Pushpadhanva Rasa is a promising drug in Ayurveda in Infertility.