Superiority of Basti (Enema) in Comparison to Virechana (Purgation)

Abstract

Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, employs various therapeutic procedures known as Panchakarma for detoxification and rejuvenation.1 Among these, Virechana (therapeutic purgation) and Basti (medicinal enema) are prominent. This research article, based on classical Ayurvedic texts, specifically Charaka Samhita and its commentary, aims to critically examine and highlight the documented superiority of Basti over Virechana in specific contexts. While Virechana effectively eliminates morbidities, it is associated with discomforts such as disquietude, eructation, nausea, unpleasantness, and abdominal pain due to the sharp, pungent, and hot nature of the administered drugs. Furthermore, children and the elderly are deemed unfit for Virechana due to their inherent or diminished strength and tissue integrity.In contrast, Basti, particularly Asthapana Basti (non-unctuous enema), is presented as a universally applicable and superior therapy for these vulnerable groups.  It offers profound benefits including promoting strength, enhancing complexion, inducing exhilaration, and imparting softness and unctuousness to all body parts, without causing complications. The textual analysis underscores Basti's unique dual action of impurity elimination (like Virechana in the colon) and anabolism/nourishment, establishing its prominence in Ayurvedic therapeutic management.

Keywords: Panchakarma, Basti, Virechana, Charaka Samhita, Detoxification, Enema, Purgation